The earth rotates on a tilted axis. When this axis leans towards the sun, it’s summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the south. This is reversed as the earth continues its orbit until the axis becomes tilted away from the sun.
The earth’s axis is tilted at its furthest point from the sun during the solstices. This means that the sun is at its lowest point in the sky in the northern hemisphere. It’s also the shortest day of the year - and the longest night.
‘Solstice’ roughly translates to ‘sun stands still’- as it was believed the sun was suspended in the sky on these occasions. Today, we know that the earth's tilt causes this effect. The perceived suspension of the sun shed light and energy into the ancient rituals and that energy has been retained to this day.
Marking the passage of time was important to many ancient cultures. For the people of Stonehenge who were farmers, growing crops and tending animals, knowing when the seasons were changing was important. Winter might have been a time of fear as the days grew shorter and colder. Marking this yearly cycle may have been one of the reasons that Neolithic people constructed Stonehenge – a monument aligned to the sun’s movements.
The stones were shaped and set up to frame at least two important events in the annual solar cycle – the midwinter sunset at the winter solstice and the midsummer sunrise at the summer solstice.
At the summer solstice, around June 21, the sun rises behind the Heel Stone and its first rays shine into the center of Stonehenge. When visiting Stonehenge today, you'll find only one of the stones of the tallest trilithon still standing. When it was built, however, the Great Trilithon aligned to the central axis. This meant that the winter solstice sun would’ve set directly between the two upright stones when viewed from the center of the circle. This trilithon stood at the head of the inner stones.
The winter solstice may have been more important than the summer solstice for the people who built and used Stonehenge. Excavations at Durrington Walls suggest that people held huge feasts around this time of year.
Each year in December visitors gather at Stonehenge early in the morning to mark the Winter solstice and to see the sunrise above the stones. English Heritage provides free Managed Open Access to Stonehenge Solstice and Equinox celebrations. The sunrise on December 21 is at 8:04am.
You’ll be immersed in a spiritual celebration dating millennia. Join locals, spiritualists, historians, environmentalists, tourists, and people from all religions. See revelers sing, dance, pray, play instruments, connect with the stones, and perform religious rituals as the sun rises over the monument.
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Most visitors explore independently, but there are guided tours available for those interested in a deeper historical context, including special solstice tour packages. Consider booking these in advance due to high demand.
As the solstices are an important event at Stonehenge, most tours sell out months in advance, particularly at busy times of the year. We'd recommend booking as soon as you can to guarantee your seats so as not to be disappointed.
It may be possible to accommodate a folding wheelchair/stroller/some luggage, but most coaches have limited storage space, so please get in touch with your requirements before booking. Stonehenge itself is wheelchair accessible. However, large bags are not allowed on the premises.
English weather can be temperamental, and therefore it is a good idea to bring some warm clothes with you, especially in the winter. Layers are a good way to adapt to the often-changing weather conditions. Comfortable shoes are a good idea too, as walking is involved. It would be a good idea to bring an umbrella and/or waterproofs with you, just in case.
Bring a camera, and some cash for entrance fees, coffee, lunch, souvenirs, etc (most places take cards, but for some small purchases, you may need to pay cash).
For breathtaking photos, aim to capture the sunrise through the stones. Arrive early to find your ideal angle, and consider using wide-angle lenses to capture the crowd, monument, and sunrise.
Absolutely! The solstice event is suitable for all ages, and children often enjoy the wonder of the sunrise and the magical atmosphere.
No formal dress code is enforced, but respectful behavior is encouraged. Many participants may be engaged in personal rituals, so observing from a respectful distance is appreciated.
No time limit is enforced, but many visitors leave shortly after sunrise to avoid crowds. You can linger to take in the views and explore the surroundings at your own pace.